Where is the ship, and is the water ahead safe? That question is the whole of navigation, and the modern bridge answers it with ECDIS, satellite position, and electronic charts. These guides cover the systems and the seamanship behind them: chart setup, safety settings, route checking, position fixing, and passage planning.
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A fix is only as good as the method that confirms it. The ways a ship fixes its position, from visual bearings to GNSS and the stars, and why you never trust one alone.
Where is the ship, and is the water ahead safe? That question is the whole of navigation, and the modern bridge answers it with ECDIS, satellite position, and electronic charts. These guides cover the systems and the seamanship behind them: chart setup, safety settings, route checking, position fixing, and passage planning.
A nautical chart is not a picture of the seabed but a conservative model of it. What soundings, drying heights, and datums mean, and why the sea is almost always deeper than the printed figure.